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Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococci, in particular S. aureus, are major opportunistic pathogens in humans resulting in large numbers of community and healthcare-associated infections. Increasing antimicrobial resistance, especially to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin, is making treatment more difficult. The emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) in Australia, and globally, has also resulted in significant drug-resistant staphylococcal infections in the community. Research in Ben’s group focusses on understanding the epidemiology, clinical impact and optimal therapeutic strategies for treating drug-resistant staphylococcal infections, as well as using bacterial genomics and infection models to understand how staphylococci are becoming more resistant to last-line antimicrobials, how they evolve and adapt in the hospital and community environments, and how they cause disease. Recent studies have identified potentially important links between antibiotic resistance in staphylococci and alterations in host-pathogen interactions, resulting from the adaptation of the organism during persistent human infection.
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Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus faecium is emerging as a major cause of drug-resistant infections in hospitalised patients globally. Hospital-adapted clones of this bacterial species frequently colonise patients in the gastrointestinal tract after hospital admission, and have a propensity to become multi-drug resistant. Glycopeptide resistance resulting in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is now a major public health issue globally. Working closely with the Stinear laboratory and the Austin Hospital Infectious Diseases Department, Ben’s group’s research efforts have focused on understanding the genomic characteristics of E. faecium, and then using this information to better understand how and why VRE colonisation and infection is continuing to increase in the hospital environment. These studies have uncovered the frequent de novo generation of VRE in the human intestine during hospital admission, a finding with significant implications for the infection control management of colonised patients.
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Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens
Antimicrobial resistance has been highlighted by the world health organisation (WHO) and the Centres for Disease Control in the USA as one of the major public health threats of our time. Ben’s group, which is co-located with the state-wide public health and reference laboratory MDU PHL), uses epidemiology and bacterial genomics to understand the characteristics and spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in hospitals and the community. Recent examples include the investigation of an outbreak of CTX-M 15 producing multi-drug resistant ST131 E. coli, locally acquired azithromycin-resistant Shigella flexneri infections, KPC producing K. pneumoniae, and drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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Australian Pathogen Genomics Program
Professor Howden leads the Australian Pathogen Genomics Program (AusPathoGen), which is funded by the Medical Research Future Fund as part of the Genomics Health Futures Mission (GHFM) Flagships - Pathogen Genomics grant opportunity to address the rise in infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Australia.
Professor Benjamin Howden
(03) 8344 5701 | bhowden@unimelb.edu.au
- Position:
- Director Of Microbiological Diagnostic Unit (MDU) Public Health Laboratory
- Theme(s):
- Enteric infections, Antimicrobial Resistance, Bacterial and Parasitic Infections
- Discipline(s):
- Discovery Research, Computational Science and Genomics, Global Health, Public Health, Clinical and health systems research
- Unit(s):
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology (DMI) , Microbiological Diagnostic Unit (MDU) Public Health Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL)
- Lab Group(s):
- Howden Group
Professor Ben Howden is a public health microbiologist, infectious diseases physician and molecular biologist. He is Director of the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory (MDU PHL), Head of the Howden Research Group and is a co-lead of the Global Health cross-cutting discipline at the Doherty Institute. In his roles, Ben is responsible for the provision of public health laboratory services, national and global research activities in pathogen genomics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and capacity and capability building programs primarily focussed in the Asia Pacific region.
Ben completed training in medical microbiology and infectious diseases in 2004, and was awarded a PhD from Monash University in 2009. In 2014, Ben was appointed as Director of the MDU PHL and Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Ben has been the recipient of many research awards including a commendation in the Victorian Premier’s Prize for Medical Research (2010), the American Society for Microbiology ICAAC Young Investigator Award (2011), the Australian Society for Microbiology Frank Fenner Award (2014) the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases Frank Fenner Award (2015) and the NHMRC Top 10 Award (2024). Ben helped establish and is co-director of the Centre for Pathogen Genomics and WHO Collaborating Centre for AMR at the University of Melbourne (Doherty Institute). These Centre’s focus on pathogen genomics and AMR related research and training programs in the Asia Pacific region.